Perhitungan Besaran Data / Datarate

Perhitungan Besaran Data / Datarate (MB, KB, Kb)
Pernahkah anda menemui besaran seperti KB dan kbps pada saat anda melakukan download ?, apakah dua besaran tersebut saling berhubungan dan kemudian apa arti dan fungsi dari besaran tersebut bagi anda sebagai konsumen ?

besaran / satuan yang dijelaskan diatas erat kaitannya pada saat kita melakukan kegiatan transfer data pada komputer, dari dua besaran tersebut memiliki definisi yang berbeda adapun penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut :

Perkenalan :

k = 1024
K = 1000
B = Bytes
b = bits

Filesize (Berapa besar file dalam komputer) biasanya disebut dengan nama “kilobytes”, “megabytes” dan “gigabytes”.

Dalam perhitungan ini (binary, tapi bukan transfer data) menggunakan “K” (huruf gede) adalah representasi dari 1024.

Contoh perbandingannya :

* 1 KB (one KiloByte) = 1024 Bytes
* 1 MB (one MegaByte) = 1024 KiloBytes
* 1 GB (one GigaByte) = 1024MegaBytes

Untuk data transfer biasanya diistilahkan dengan bits. dalam bits rate perbandingannya seperti berikut ini :

* 1 kbps = 1.000 bits per second
* 1 Mbps = 1.000.000 bits per second
* 1 Gbps = 1.000.000.000 bist per second

kbps (kilobits/sec) berarti seribu bit per second

Mbps (megabits/sec) berarti sejuta bit per second

Gbps (gigabits/sec) berarti semilyar bit per second

tbps (terabits/sec) berarti trillions bit per second

contoh :

* Gigabit Ethernet [1000Base-T] brarti bisa transfer data sampe 1000 mbps (1 gbps)
* 10Base-T dapat melakukan transfer data 10 mbps
* SATA II (SATA-300) untuk komunikasi Serial ATA sampai 3 gbps

bits and Bytes: 1 Byte = 8 bits; kbps* 0.1220703125 = KB/s

Karena ada 8 bits dalam Bytes, untuk memperoleh bits-rate (speed) dari bytes, kita harus mengalikan total Bytes dengan angka 8.

Untuk dapat nilai KB/s dari bit rates, kita harus membagi total bits dengan 8, kemudian bagi dengan 1024

Untuk convert KB/s ke kbps (bit rates dari nilai Bytes ) persamaannya adalah sebagai berikut :

KiloBytes * 1,024 = total Bytes
total Bytes * 8 = bits
bits / 1,000 = kilobits

Contoh nya :

30 KB/s * 1,024 = 30,720 Bytes per second

30,720 Bytes per second * 8 = 245,760 bits per second

245,760 bits per second (bps) / 1,000 = (approximately) 246 kbps (245.8 kb/s)




Berikut contoh perhitungan sistem kuota BW :

kita asumsikan kita berlangganan pada suatu ISP dengan Pola kuota.
Misal kita memperoleh kuota :1 GB / bulan dan kita asumsikan BW kita Full 384 kbps. kuota tersebut kita geber dengan mendownload maksimal, maka akan diperoleh perhitungan kurang lebih seperti ini :

1 GB * 8 = 8 GB = 8000.000 kb

8000.000 kb/384 kbps = 20.833 sec

20.833 sec/60 = 347.222 minutes

347.222 min/60 = 5,78 jam

Jadi dengan langganan kuota 1 GB, maka dalam 5,78 jam kuota kita akan habis, dan kelebihan pemakaian kuota kita akan dihitung per KB biasanya… jadi silahkan diperkirakan berapa kita akan membayar tagihan dengan kuota 1 GB.

Semoga bermanfaat.

Diambil dari : http://gaptek.wordpress.com/2007/10/

kumpulan cara pengaktifan 3G dan GPRS,
APN FLASH, INTERNET BROADBAND/INDOSAT3G/3.5G


- Aktifkan fitur GPRS anda atau 3G dg cara menghubungi Call Center bebas pulsa masing2 operator SIM card langsung dr no ponsel kamu.
- Lakukan input parameter GPRS/MMS atau 3G di bawah ini ke ponsel kamu, bisa secara manual sesuai petunjuk buku manual yg didapat waktu beli HP atau lewat SMS (caranya lihat di masing2 website resmi operator SIM card)
- Kalau masih bingung hubungi lagi call center dan kalo udah putus asa gagal terus silakan langsung datang ke gerai resmi operator SIM card yg terdekat utk diset sampai berhasil.

————————–

- Khusus pengguna Nokia bisa coba setting otomatis aja ke http://www.nokia.co.id/A4616003

—————————

- Khusus pengguna Sony Ericsson bisa ikuti langkah2 setting otomatis via SMS di http://www.sonyericsson.com/spg.jsp?cc=id&lc=id&ver=4000&template=ps1_1_1_1&zone=ps&lm=ps1_1&pid=10242

Langkah2 setting otomatis WAP/GPRS di website SE:
- Berturut-turut ikuti langkah pilih Negara, Operator, Model Telepon
yg sesuai lalu klik “berikutnya”
- Masukkan nomor handphone kamu misalnya 0811123456 tapi harus kamu
ketik seperti +62811123456 dengan kata lain angka 0 harus dihapus dan
diganti dengan +62 lalu klik “berikutnya”
- lalu ketik angka-angka yang kamu lihat di gambar di bawah kolom
kotak input-nya lalu klik “kirim setting sekarang”
- Catat kode PIN utk settingan kamu
- Siap2 menerima SMS settingan di hape kamu yg isinya:
1. Telepon Anda akan menampilkan pesan yang menunjukkan bahwa setting baru sudah diterima dan menanyakan apakah ini akan diinstal.
2. Setujui untuk menginstal setting ini. (memasukkan PIN yang ditampilkan di atas)
3. Telepon akan menampilkan pesan yang menunjukkan bahwa setting baru sudah diinstall.

Yg diatas itu utk konfigurasi GPRS/WAP. Kalau masih kurang tersedia link dibawahnya utk layanan set-up lainnya spt:
Konfigurasi Pesan gambar/MMS
Konfigurasi setting E-mail

——-

Bisa juga dg cara manual dg melakukan input parameter2 GPRS/MMS atau 3G di bawah ini ke ponsel kamu sesuai petunjuk buku manual yg didapat waktu beli HP atau lewat SMS (caranya lihat di masing2 website resmi operator SIM card). Tapi tetap syarat utamanya adalah layanan GPRS sudah aktif/diaktifkan terlebih dulu.

NTS http://www.nts.co.id
Call Center: 838

Setting GPRS/WAP
Profile Name : ntswap
APN: ntswap
user: nts
password : natrindo
Homepage URL : http://wap.nts.co.id
IP Address : 10.8.1.8
Port: 8080
Authentication : Normal

Setting MMS
Profile Name : ntsmms
username: nts
pass: natrindo
APN: ntswap
mms gateway: 10.8.1.8
mms URL: http://mmsc.nts/ind.net

———–

Mentari http://www.klub-mentari.com/
Call Center: 222

Setting GPRS/WAP
Profile Name : INDOSATGPRS
Homepage URL : http://wap.klub-mentari.com
IP Address : 10.19.19.19
Bearer : GPRS
User Name : indosat
Password : indosat
APN : indosatgprs

Setting MMS
Profile Name : INDOSATMMS
Connection URL : http://mmsc.indosat.com
IP Address : 10.19.19.19:8080
Bearer : GPRS
User Name : indosat
Password : indosat
APN : indosatmms

———–

Matrix Indosat http://www.matrix-centro.com/
Call Center: 111 (dr kartu Matrix anda)

Setting GPRS/WAP
Profile Name : satelindo
Homepage URL : http://wap.matrix-centro.com
IP Address : 202.152.162.250
Bearer : GPRS
User Name :
Password :
APN : satelindogprs.com

Setting MMS
Profile Name : sat-mms
Connection URL : http://mmsc.satelindogprs.com
IP Address : 202.152.162.88
Bearer : GPRS
User Name : satmms
Password : satmms
APN : mms.satelindogprs.com

——

IM3 Indosat http://www.m3-access.com/
Call Center: 300 (dr kartu IM3 anda)

Setting GPRS/WAP
Access Point Name (APN) : www.indosat-m3.net
Username : gprs
Password : im3
Gateway IP : 010.019.019.019
Port : 9201 atau 8080
Homepage : http://wap.m3-access.com

Setting MMS
Data bearer : GPRS
Access Point Name (APN) : mms.indosat-m3.net
Username : mms
Password : im3
Gateway IP : 010.019.019.020
Port : 8081
Homepage : http://mmsc.m3-access.com

———-

3 (Three) http://www.three.co.id/
Call Center: 123 (dr kartu 3 anda)

Setting GPRS/WAP
Data Bearer: GPRS
Access point name: 3gprs
User name: 3gprs
Password: 3gprs
Home: http://wap.three.co.id
Phone IP Address: Automatic
Proxy Server Address: 10.4.0.10
Proxy port number: 3128

Setting MMS
Connection name: 3mms
Data bearer: GPRS
Access point name: 3mms
User name: 3mms
Prompt Password: No
Password: 3mms
Authentication: Normal
Gateway IP address: 0.0.0.0
Homepage: http://mms.three.co.id
Phone IP address: Automatic
Primary name server: 0.0.0.0
Secondary name server: 0.0.0.0
Proxy server address: 10.4.0.10
Proxy port number: 3128

——

Telkomsel (Simpati, AS, Halo) http://www.telkomsel.com/
Call Center: 111 (pascabayar) & 116 (prabayar) (dr kartu Telkomsel anda)

Setting GPRS/WAP
Connection name: APN Telkomsel
Data bearer: GPRS
Access Point Name: telkomsel
User name: wap
Prompt password: No
Password: wap123
Authentication: Normal
Homepage: http://wap.telkomsel.com
Gateway IP address: 010.001.089.130
Connection security: Off
Session mode: Permanent

Setting MMS
Connection Name : APN MMS
Data Bearer : GPRS
Access Point Name : mms
Username : wap
Prompt Password : No
Password : wap123
Authentication : Normal
Gateway IP address : 10.1.89.150
Homepage : http://mms.telkomsel.com
Connection Security : Off
Session Mode : Permanent

Setting Telkomsel Flash

Connection Name : TSEL-FLASH
Data Bearer : GPRS
Access Point Name : flash
Username : wap
Prompt Password : No
Password : wap123
Authentication : Normal
Gateway IP address : 10.1.89.130
Homepage : http://wap.telkomsel.com
Connection Security : Off
Session Mode : Permanent

——

XL (Jempol, Bebas, XPlor) http://www.xl.co.id/
Call Center: 818 (dr kartu XL anda)

Setting GPRS/WAP
Connection name: XL-GPRS
Data bearer: GPRS
Access Point Name: www.xlgprs.net
User name: xlgprs
Prompt password: No
Password: proxl
Authentication: Normal
Homepage: http://wap.xl.co.id
Gateway IP address: 202.152.240.050
Connection security: Off
Session mode: Permanent

Setting MMS
Connection Name : XL-MMS
Data Bearer : GPRS
Access Point Name : www.xl.mms.net
Username : xlgprs
Prompt Password : No
Password : proxl
Authentication : Normal
Proxy address : 202.152.240.50
Homepage : http://mmc.xl.net.id/sevlets/mms
Connection Security : Off

Telkomsel Flash - 3.5G/HSDPA time based cost internet connection.

1. Details (harus dibaca semua): http://www.telkomsel.com/flash
2. Cara mengaktifkan: ketik: Flash lalu kirimkan via SMS ke 3636, tunggu
sampai dapat konfirmasi final.
3. Perangkat: Hape 3G/3.5G atau Modem 3G/3.5G tipe USB atau PCMCIA/data card
HP 3G cth: BenQ Siemens S81, SE k600/610, Motorola v3x, Nokia 6288
Hape 3.5G up to 3,6Mbps cth: Motorola v3xx, Nokia n95, SE z750
Modem USB 3.5G up to 3,6Mbps cth: Huawei e220 (jangan membeli modem
paketan dr Telkomsel krn sudah di-lock shg tidak bisa dipakai utk
connect internet selain Telkomsel, lebih baik beli modemnya di
toko komputer biasa aja).
4. Teorinya kecepatan download file (prakteknya bisa kurang):
GPRS & EDGE sampai dengan 115 Kbps atau 14KB/second atau 840KB/menit
3G/UMTS sampai dengan 384 Kbps atau 48KB/second atau 2.8MB/menit
3.5G/HSDPA sampai dengan 3.2 Mbps atau 400KB/second atau 24MB/menit
5. Kesimpulannya: Telkomsel Flash lebih cocok utk download file2
berukuran besar dibandingkan hanya utk browsing website.
6. Kalo belum ngerti juga hubungi Call Centre bebas pulsa
TELKOMSEL : 111 (kartuHALO) atau 116 (simPATI)… jadi jangan tanya ke
aku ya hihihi…..

Cara setting di Hape:

Create satu tambahan settingan yg sama dg settingan utk GPRS, bedanya
nama APN harus diubah dr telkomsel menjadi flash.

Cara setting dial up networking di Windows XP Pro di PC/laptop:

- Install driver modem utk Hape/USB/PCMCIA 3G/3.5G di Windows XP
(tergantung apakah koneksinya melalui USB/Bluetooth/infrared)
- Create Connection baru, caranya ke Setting, Control Panel, Internet
Properties, Connection, Add, Dial Up to Private Network,
- Isi Phone number dg *99***2# tapi nggak harus diisi dg angka 2, jadi
tergantung di urutan berapa APN Flash-nya di settingan GPRS di ponsel,
ketik nama dialup-nya (contohnya: TelkomselFlash), Finish,
- Isi user name: wap
- Isi password: wap123
- klik OK dan tandai never dial connection, click OK.

(Tambahan info utk konek PC ke HP utk dialup beradasar data/volume
based utk XL )
- Phone number: *99#
- user name: xlgprs
- password: proxl

(Tambahan info utk konek PC ke HP utk dialup khusus utk IM3 dg
time based service spt Telkomsel Flash)

- Phone number: sama dg konfigurasi Telkomsel
- APN: indosatgprs
- username: indosat@durasi
- password: indosat@durasi

(Tambahan info utk konek PC ke HP utk dialup khusus utk Mentari dg
volume based service)

- Phone number: sama dg konfigurasi XL
- APN: indosatgprs
- username: indosat
- password: indosat

(Tambahan info utk konek PC ke HP utk dialup dg volume based utk Indosat)
Untuk volume based settingnya sama saja dg time based diatas kecuali
username dan password dikosongkan.

Connect to Telkomsel Flash:

- Coba dial TelkomselFlash tapi sebelum klik tombol Dial sebaiknya klik
dulu tombol Properties di sebelahnya dan pastikan kolom Area Code
dinonaktifkan & sudah tepat mencentang jenis modem 3G/3.5G
- Pada browser internet coba surfing ke sembarang alamat website,
nanti kita akan selalu diarahkan ke Opening Page Telkomsel Flash, di
situ kita bisa klik paket yg kita inginkan, setelah itu kita bisa bebas
surfing & download, utk disconnect bisa klik Stop Browsing pada Opening
Page tadi atau dg cara darurat bisa langsung disconnect di icon Dial Up
pada notification area di pojok kanan bawah monitor.
- Setelah disconnect secara otomatis kita akan menerima SMS rincian
biaya pemakaiannya.

Parameter GPRS Data dan Flash

Contoh setting GPRS Telkomsel Data Rp sekian/kb di Sony Ericsson k600,
jadi kalo mau menjalankan Telkomsel Flash tinggal create satu lagi dg
Connection Name yg berbeda dg TSEL-DATA (misalnya TSEL-FLASH) dan ganti
Access Point Name : telkomsel menjadi flash

Caranya: Go to Menu, Settings, Connectivity, Data Comm, Data accounts,
New Account, pilih PS Data, isi dg parameter dibawah

Contoh Setting Telkomsel Data Rp sekian/kb di ponsel Sony Ericsson
Connection Name : TSEL-DATA
Data Bearer : GPRS
Access Point Name : telkomsel
Username : wap
Prompt Password : No
Password : wap123
Authentication : Normal
Gateway IP address : 10.1.89.130
Homepage : http://wap.telkomsel.com
Connection Security : Off
Session Mode : Permanent

Contoh Setting Telkomsel Flash di ponsel Sony Ericsson
Connection Name : TSEL-FLASH
Data Bearer : GPRS
Access Point Name : flash
Username : wap
Prompt Password : No
Password : wap123
Authentication : Normal
Gateway IP address : 10.1.89.130
Homepage : http://wap.telkomsel.com
Connection Security : Off
Session Mode : Permanent
—–

Yang ini contoh setting WAP Telkomsel Data Rp sekian/kb di Nokia n70,
jadi kalo mau menjalankan Telkomsel Flash tinggal create satu lagi
dg Connection Name yg berbeda dg TSEL-DATA (misalnya TSEL-FLASH)
dan ganti Access Point Name : telkomsel menjadi flash

WAP Settings
Go to Menu -> Tools - Settings -> Connection -> Access points
Cllick on Options -> New access point -> Use default settings

Then edit the details:
Connection name : TSEL-DATA
Data bearer : Packet data
Access Point Name : telkomsel
User name : wap
Prompt password : No
Password : wap123
Authentication : Normal
Homepage : http://wap.telkomsel.com

When you are done, click on Options -> Advanced Settings
Then edit the details:
Network type : IPv4
Phone IP Address : Automatic
DNS Address : Automatic
Proxy serv. Address : 10.1.89.130
Proxy port number : 8000

Go to Menu -> Services -> Options -> Settings
Access point and homepage used should be:
Access point : TSEL-DATA
Homepage : http://wap.telkomsel.com

Then you are ready to browse wap.telkomsel.com by choosing Menu -> Services or Menu –> Web

—-

Paket Internet Unlimited 3G kerjasama XL dg Centrin & CBN
More info: http://www.centrin.net.id dan http://www.cbn.net.id

1. Paket unlimited (pakai sepuasnya) harganya kira2 350rb/bln (belum PPN)
2. Speed up only to 64Kbps atau 8KB/second dg modem/ponsel 3G.
3. Di sini pihak CBN & Centrin bertindak sbg makelar, jadi kalo mau
daftar langsung aja ke kantor CBN atau Centrin dan akan mendapatkan
SIM card no XL baru tapi nggak bisa buat telp/sms tetapi hanya khusus
buat nyambung ke internet. Dan jangan sekali2 datang ke kantor XL krn
nggak bakal dilayani.
4. Nanti kalau bayar tagihan hanya ke rekeningnya Centrin atau CBN
saja.
5. Dan kalo mau tanya2 langsung hubungi Centrin atau CBN

1. Klik kanan mykomputer -properties dan klik tab hardware dan klik device manager. Kemudian perhatikan Modem yang terdeteksi.

2. Double klik pada modem ponsel yang terdeteksi, kemudian klik tab advanced. Lalu isikan pada field Extra setting seperti berikut :

at+cgdcont=1,”IP”,”www.indosat-m3.net”

3. Pada akhir kode terdapat tulisan “www.indosat-m3.net”, Ganti lah kode tersebut dengan “satelindogprs.com” apabila menggunakan MATRIX/MENTARI, “www.indosat-m3.net” menggunakan IM3 dan “www.xlgrps.net” apabila menggunakan XL,”internet” apabila menggunakan TELKOMSEL.

Oke, setelah itu buat panggilan DIAL UP seperti biasa dan masukan User Name dan Password serta dial Number nya. Berikut daftar masing-masing Provider.

TELKOMSEL
User : wap
Password : wap123
Dial : *99***1#

MATRIX
User : [kosongkan]
Password : [kosongkan]
Dial : *99***1#

IM3
User : gprs
Password : im3
Dial : *99***1#

IM3 (DURASI) Rp 100,-/menit
User : indosat@durasi
Password : indosat@durasi
Dial : *99***1#

XL
User : xlgprs
Password : proxl
Dial : *99***1#

nanti klik link Step 1: Get standard settings. Nanti tinggal ikuti step by step sampai berhasil.


TELKOMSELFlash
How to Subscribe

1. Paket Reguler TELKOMSELFlash (Time Based / Volume Based)

Langkah-langkah yang sangat mudah dapat anda lakukan untuk menggunakan TELKOMSELFlash dengan memilih Paket Reguler TELKOMSELFlash (time based atau Volume Based), yaitu :

1. Daftarkan simcard TELKOMSEL anda (kartuHALO/simPATI/Kartu As) dengan cara mengirimkan sms, ketik : flash kirim ke nomor 3636, dan beberapa saat kemudian anda akan mendapatkan konfirmasi bahwa simcard anda sudah dapat digunakan untuk mengakses internet dengan menggunakan layanan TELKOMSELFlash;

2. Lakukan konfigurasi APN (access point name) pada aplikasi modem/handphone anda yang sudah terpasang di PC/LAPTOP (jenis aplikas cara konfigurasi akan berbeda tergantung merek/tipe masing-masing modem/handphone).
* Gunakan APN : flash, untuk pilihan Paket Reguler Time Based.
* Gunakan APN : internet, untuk pilihan Paket Reguler Volume Based.

3. Pilih atau Aktifkan Paket Reguler yang anda kehendaki dengan cara :
* Paket Reguler Time Based : Pemilihan paket dilakukan di HOME SCREEN TELKOMSELFlash yang akan otomatis terbuka di internet browser anda setelah anda terkoneksi menggunakan modem/handphone.
* Paket Reguler Volume Based (hanya untuk pelanggan kartuHALO) : Datang/hubungi pusat pelayanan TELKOMSEL (Grhapari) terdekat untuk mengaktifkan pilihan paket regular volume based

4. Setelah langkah1 sampai 3 sudah selesai dilakukan, maka anda sudah siap untuk melakukan browsing, chatting maupun mengakses email di internet kapanpun dan dimanapun dalam jangkauan jaringan data terluas TELKOMSEL (HSDPA/UMTS/EDGE/GPRS)

2. Paket Berlangganan 12 Bulan TELKOMSELFlash GRATIS MODEM ( Time Based / Volume Based) – Bagi Pelanggan kartuHALO

1. Datang dan Hubungi petugas pelayanan TELKOMSEL di Grhapari terdekat;

2. Isi dan Lengkapi formulir SURAT PERNYATAAN BERLANGGANAN PAKET KONTRAK 1 TAHUN TELKOMSELFlash (GRATIS MODEM);

3. Tunggu Survey dan Verifikasi data anda yang akan dilakukan oleh TELKOMSEL, bagi anda pelanggan setia kartuHALO sebelumnya, maka persetujuan aktifasi paket dapat dilakukan seketika di tempat, syarat dan ketentuan berlaku;

4. Modem Gratis akan segera dikirimkan ke alamat rumah/pengiriman anda;

5. Hubungkan Modem yang telah anda dapatkan ke PC/LAPTOP, gunakan profile :
* Tsel Broadband, bagi anda yang mengaktifkan Paket Berlangganan Time Based.
* Tsel Internet, bagi anda yang mengaktifkan Paket Berlangganan Volume Based.

6. Sekarang anda telah siap mengakses internet dengan layanan TELKOMSELFlash, kapanpun & dimanapun dalam jangkauan jaringan data terluas TELKOMSEL (HSDPA/UMTS/EDGE/GPRS)


:: Setting GPRS, MMS, WAP dan BroadBand


GPRS Volume Based :

OTA Setting :
Ketik: GPRS merk_HP Type_HP Kirim ke 3000 (gratis)

Manual Setting :

APN: indosatgprs
User : indosat
Pass : indosat
Proxy : 10.19.19.19
Port : 8080
Homepage : http://wap.indosat.com

GPRS Duration Based
OTA Setting :
Ketik: durasi merk_HP Type_HP
Kirim ke 3000 (gratis)

Manual Setting :
APN: indosatgprs
User : indosat@durasi
Pass : indosat@durasi
Proxy : 10.19.19.19
Port : 8080
Homepage : http://wap.indosat.com

MMS
OTA Setting :
Ketik: MMS merk_HP Type_HP
Kirim ke 3000 (gratis)

Manual Setting :
APN: indosatmms
User : indosat
Pass : indosat
Proxy : 10.19.19.19
Port : 8080
Homepage : http://mmsc.indosat.com

Broadband *

OTA Setting :
Ketik: 3G merk_HP Type_HP
Kirim ke 3000

Manual Setting :
APN: indosat3g
User : indosat
Pass : indosat
Proxy : 10.19.19.19
Port : 8080
Homepage : http://wap3g.indosat.com

WAP StarOne
Proxy: 192.168.50.60
Port: 9401 (WAP 2.0), 9201 (WAP 1.0)
User: wap
Pass: wap
Homepage: http://wap.indosat.com



*) note:
APN indosat3g hanya bisa digunakan untuk handset-handset yang support HSDPA / UMTS dan menggunakan kartu Indosat 3.5G BroadBand

Materi April...fiuhh makin banyak kerjaannya..

Selama bulan April 2009 ini, training yang harus dilakukan secara intensif dan terus menerus

kepada retail staf outlet kalian yaitu :

- Key Feature and Bisnis Solution dari product E75, E63, 5800

- Ovi Contact

- Commoe / instant messaging

Setiap hari, harap dilakukan review dan role play terhadap sesama retail staff di outlet

kalian masing2, agar semua personil retail staf mengetahui apa yang sudah di training oleh promoters.

Dan ingat ya.. semua aktifitas training yang kalian lakukan harus tercatat,

di form training yang telah disediakan sebagai eviden bila ada audit dalam waktu dekat ini.

Sistem Voltase Tiap Negara di Dunia

Guys,..artikel ini gw posting karena gw punya pengalaman pada saat gw kerja (Promoters Nokia) ada costumer yang menanyakan yang menurut gw jarang juga menanyakan ini, dia bertanya tentang apakah charger (AC-8) bisa support di bawa keluar negeri,..gw sendiri gk kepikiran tentang itu, walaupun kepikiran gk sampe ksitu coz pas gw mikir knpa ditanyakan gw jadi inget bahwa tiap negara voltase aliran listrik (colokannya) memang berbeda,..gw sendiri yang orang teknik (walalupun Informatika) cuma sekedar tau tapi gk apal lah..al hasil gw nanya uncle google aja..truz dapet deh..yah bagi lw yang punya kasus ky gw mgkin ini bs berguna..

ELECTRIC POWER AROUND THE WORLD

The table below summarizes information on the electrical systems in use in most countries of the world.

The voltages listed here are the “nominal” figures reported to be in use at most residential or commercial sites in the country or area named. Most electrical power systems are prone to slight variations in voltage due to demand or other factors. Many former 220 V countries have converted or are in the process of converting to the EU standard of 230 V. Generally, this difference is inconsequential, as most appliances are built to tolerate current a certain percentage above or below the rated voltage. However, severe variations in current can damage electrical equipment.

The electric power frequency is shown in the number of hertz (cycles per second). Even if voltages are similar, a 60-hertz clock or tape recorder may not function properly on 50 hertz current. All systems described here use alternating current (AC). The plug types listed indicate all types known to be in use in that country. Not all areas of a country may use all types of plugs listed for that country, since there may be regional differences based on the power system in a certain area.

Finally, I've only included information that is likely to be relevant for travelers. Just about everywhere listed here has higher voltage lines available for heavy duty appliances (not to mention commercial or industrial applications). While this would be relevant for those moving to another country, I'm assuming most travelers will leave their clothes dryers, air conditioners and arc welders at home! If you are interested in converting electrical units or sizing a generator try these Power Generator Calculators (for calculating generator size in kW, converting kW to kVA, kVA to kW, Volts, Amps, and more).

COUNTRY	VOLTAGE	FREQUENCY	PLUG	COMMENTS
Afghanistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & F *	* A UN correspondent reports C and F common in Kabul, but its likely a variety of plugs may be used around the country. Some sources report Type D also in use. Other reports indicate voltage variances from 160V to 280V.
Albania	220 V*	50 Hz	C & F	*Voltage variations common
Algeria	230 V	50 Hz	C* & F	*A variation of Type C with a ground post offset about 1/2-inch from center may also be found.
American Samoa	120 V	60 Hz	A, B, F & I
Andorra	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Angola	220 V	50 Hz	C
Anguilla	110 V	60 Hz	A (maybe B)
Antigua	230 V*	60 Hz	A & B	*Airport area is reportedly Antigua power is 110 V.
Argentina	220 V	50 Hz	C & I*	*Neutral and line wires are reversed from that used in Australia and elsewhere. Click here for more.
Armenia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Aruba	127 V*	60 Hz	A, B & F	*Lago Colony 115V
Australia	240 V	50 Hz	I	*Outlets typically controlled by adjacent switch. Click here for more.
Austria	230 V	50 Hz	F	Type C may be found, but rare.
Azerbaijan	220 V	50 Hz	C, F
Azores	220 V*	50 Hz	B, C, & F	*Ponta Delgada 110 V; to be converted to 220 V
Bahamas	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Bahrain	230 V*	50 Hz*	G	*Awali 110 V, 60 Hz
Balearic Islands	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Bangladesh	220 V	50 Hz	A, C, D, G & K
Barbados	115V	50 Hz	A, B
Belarus	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Belgium	230 V	50 Hz	E	Notes from correspondents: a 'C' style plug can be used with 'E' and 'F' receptacles. All double-insulated appliances are indeed fitted with a 'C' plug, and can be used in any compatible receptacle (C E F and narrow L). Type C receptacles are prohibited in Belgium.
Belize	110/220 V	60 Hz	B & G
Benin	220 V	50 Hz	E
Bermuda	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Bhutan	230 V	50 Hz	D, F, & G	Type M plugs also identified by some sources.
Bolivia	220/230 V*	50 Hz	A & C	*La Paz & Viacha 115V
Bosnia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Botswana	231V	50 Hz	M	Type G may be found, but rare.
Brazil	110/220 V*	60 Hz	A & B, C	*127 V found in states of Bahia, Paraná (including Curitiba), Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais (though 220 V may be found in some hotels). Other areas are 220 V only, with the exception of Fortaleza (240 V). Outlets (click for more) are often a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug.
Brunei	240 V	50 Hz	G
Bulgaria	230 V	50 Hz	C* & F*	*Outlets are reported as type F, though both type C and F plugs may be encountered.
Burkina Faso	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Burundi	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Cambodia	230 V	50 Hz	A & C*	*Some outlets are a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug. Plug G may be found in some hotels.
Cameroon	220 V	50 Hz	C, E
Canada	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Canary Islands	220 V	50 Hz	C, E, & L	Type L plugs/outlets may have different pin spacing. The smaller and closer pins are for a rated current of 10 A, the bigger and wider pins are for a rated current of 16 A.
Cape Verde	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Cayman Islands	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Central African Republic	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Chad	220 V	50 Hz	D, E & F
Channel Islands	230 V	50 Hz	G
Chile	220 V	50 Hz	C & L
China, People's Republic of	220 V	50 Hz	A, I, G	The "official" plug type is like type A but slightly shorter and without holes in blades. Type A and I outlets are common, and Type G might also be found. Click here for photos and more info.
Colombia	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Comoros	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Congo, People's Rep. of	230 V	50 Hz	C & E
Congo, Dem. Rep. of (former Zaire)	220 V	50 Hz	C & D
Cook Islands	240 V	50 Hz	I
Costa Rica	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Croatia	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Cuba	110/220 V	60 Hz	A & B, C, F & L	Most older hotels 110 V. Some newer hotels 220 V. Some outlets are a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug.
Cyprus	240 V	50 Hz	G
Czech Republic	230 V	50 Hz	E
Denmark	230 V	50 Hz	C & K	Denmark's connectors have slight differences from those used elsewhere. While pin diameter and spacing is standard, outlets may have different housing depths which could interfere with standard adaptors -- one report says this is due to "childproofing." Also, Plug C fits into K-type outlets (but not vice versa).
Djibouti	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Dominica	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Dominican Republic	110 V	60 Hz	A	Type J may exist in some hotels.
East Timor	220 V	50 Hz	C, E, F, I,	A UN correspondent reports "power is poor in the country with frequent brownouts and blackouts. I suspect that surges are frequent as we go through a lot of surge-protecting power bars." Further he reports than Type I is common as much construction is done by Australians; type C is common in building built during Indonesian occupation; type E is less common; type F is common in offices but not hotels.
Ecuador	120-127 V	60 Hz	A & B
Egypt	220 V	50 Hz	C
El Salvador	115V	60 Hz	A & B
England (See United Kingdom)
Equatorial Guinea	220 V*	50 Hz	C & E	*Voltage varies between 150 & 175V with frequent outages
Eritrea	230 V	50 Hz	C
Estonia	230 V	50 Hz	F	Type C may be found in older buildings. Type E plugs may work in either C or F type outlets.
Ethiopia	220 V	50 Hz	D, J, & L
Faeroe Islands	220 V	50 Hz	C & K
Falkland Islands	240 V	50 Hz	G
Fiji	240 V	50 Hz	I
Finland	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
France	230 V	50 Hz	E	Type C plugs may be found on some appliances, and will fit the Type E outlet. Type C outlets may be found in older buildings. Type A may be found in older buildings but is illegal.
French Guiana	220 V	50 Hz	C, & E
Gaza	230 V	50 Hz	H
Gabon	220 V	50 Hz	C
Gambia	230 V	50 Hz	G
Georgia	220 V	50 Hz	C
Germany	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Ghana	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Gibraltar	240 V	50 Hz	C & G
Great Britain (See United Kingdom)
Greece	220 V	50 Hz	C, D, E & F
Greenland	220 V	50 Hz	C & K
Grenada (Windward Is.)	230 V	50 Hz	G
Guadeloupe	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, & E
Guam	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Guatemala	120 V	60 Hz	A, B, G, & I
Guinea	220 V	50 Hz	C, F & K
Guinea-Bissau	220 V	50 Hz	C
Guyana	240 V*	60 Hz*	A, B, D & G	*Inside the capital city of Georgetown, both 120 V and 240 V at either 50 or 60 Hz are found, depending on the part of the city (50 Hz most common). Actual voltage may vary from area to area.
Haiti	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Honduras	110 V	60 Hz	A & B
Hong Kong	220 V*	50 Hz	G, M	Type M replaced by Type G but still found.
Hungary	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Iceland	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
India	230 V	50 Hz	C & D	Click here for photos and more info.
Indonesia	127/230 V*	50 Hz	C, F & G	*Conversion to 230 V in progress; complete in principal cities
Iran	230 V	50 Hz	C
Iraq	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, & G
Ireland (Eire)	230	50 Hz	G	Type D once common and may be occasionally found.
Isle of Man	240 V	50 Hz	C & G
Israel	220 V	50 Hz	C
Italy	230 V	50 Hz	C, F & L	Type L plugs/outlets may have different pin spacing. The smaller and closer pins are for a rated current of 10 A, the bigger and wider pins are for a rated current of 16 A. Both kinds are currently used and comply to the relevant Italian (CEI) regulations. Some outlets have overlapping holes to accept either older or newer types.
Ivory Coast (See Côte d'Ivoire)
Jamaica	110 V	50 Hz	A & B
Japan	100 V	50/60 Hz*	A, B	*Eastern Japan 50 Hz (Tokyo, Kawasaki, Sapporo, Yokohoma, and Sendai); Western Japan 60 Hz (Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya, Hiroshima)
Jordan	230 V	50 Hz	D, F, G & J*	*Type C may be found in some hotels.
Kenya	240 V	50 Hz	G
Kazakhstan	220 V	50 Hz	C
Kiribati	240 V	50 Hz	I
Korea, South	220 V	60 Hz	C & F*	*Type F likely to be found in offices and hotels. 110 V power with plugs A & B was previously used but is being phased out. Older buildings may still have this, and some hotels offer both 110 V and 220 V service.
Kuwait	240 V	50 Hz	D* & G	*Type D primarily used for 15A service, Type G primarily for 13A service..
Laos	230 V	50 Hz	A, B, C, E & F
Latvia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Lebanon	110/220 V	50 Hz	A, B, C, D & G
Lesotho	220 V	50 Hz	M
Liberia	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Libya	127 V*	50 Hz	D & L	*Barce, Benghazi, Derna, Sebha & Tobruk 230 V
Lithuania	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Liechtenstein	230 V	50 Hz	J
Luxembourg	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Macau	220 V	50 Hz	D & G
Macedonia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Madagascar	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Madeira	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Malawi	230 V	50 Hz	G
Malaysia	240 V	50 Hz	G
Maldives	230 V	50 Hz	A, D, G, J, K & L
Mali	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Malta	240 V	50 Hz	G
Martinique	220 V	50 Hz	C, D, & E
Mauritania	220 V	50 Hz	C
Mauritius	230 V	50 Hz	C & G
Mexico	127 V	60 Hz	A & B
Micronesia (Federal States of)	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Monaco	127/220 V	50 Hz	C, D, E F
Mongolia	220 V	50 Hz	C & E
Montenegro	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Montserrat (Leeward Is.)	230 V	60 Hz	A & B
Morocco	127/220 V*	50 Hz	C & E	*Conversion to 220 V only underway
Mozambique	220 V	50 Hz	C, F & M*	*Type M found especially near the border with South Africa, including the capitol, Maputo.
Myanmar (formerly Burma)	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, F & G*	Type G* found primarily in better hotels. Also, many of major hotels chains are said to have multipurpose outlets, which will take Australian 3-pin plugs and perhaps other types.
Namibia	220 V	50 Hz	M
Nauru	240 V	50 Hz	I
Nepal	230 V	50 Hz	C & D
Netherlands	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Netherlands Antilles	127/220 V*	50 Hz	A, B, & F	*St. Martin 120 V 60 Hz; Saba &(St. Eustatius 110 V 60 Hz A, maybe B
New Caledonia	220 V	50 Hz	F
New Zealand	230 V	50 Hz	I
Nicaragua	120 V	60 Hz	A
Niger	220 V	50 Hz	A, B, C, D, E & F
Nigeria	240 V	50 Hz	D & G
Northern Ireland (see United Kingdom)
Norway	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Okinawa	100 V*	60 Hz	A, B & I	*Military facilities 120 V
Oman	240 V*	50 Hz	G	*Voltage variations common
Pakistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & D
Palmyra Atoll	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Panama	110 V*	60 Hz	A, B	*Panama City 120 V
Papua New Guinea	240 V	50 Hz	I
Paraguay	220 V	50 Hz	C
Peru	220 V*	60 Hz*	A, B & C	*Talara 110/220 V; Arequipa 50 Hz
Philippines	220 V	60 Hz	A, B, C	Type A most commonly found.
Poland	230 V	50 Hz	C & E
Portugal	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Puerto Rico	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Qatar	240 V	50 Hz	D & G
Réunion Island	220 V	50 Hz	E
Romania	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Russia	220 V	50 Hz	F & C	Type F used in new construction. Type C common in older structures.
Rwanda	230 V	50 Hz	C & J
St. Kitts and Nevis (Leeward Is.)	230 V	60 Hz	D & G
St. Lucia (Windward Is.)	240 V	50 Hz	G
St. Vincent (Windward Is.)	230 V	50 Hz	A, C, E, G, I & K
Samoa	230 V	50 Hz	I
Saudi Arabia	127/220 V	60 Hz	A, B, F & G
Scotland (See United Kingdom)
Senegal	230 V	50 Hz	C, D, E & K
Serbia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Seychelles	240 V	50 Hz	G
Sierra Leone	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Singapore	230 V	50 Hz	G	Type A adaptors are widely available from shops as an extension set of 2 to 5 sets of sockets; most commonly used for audio and video equipment.
Slovak Republic	230 V	50 Hz	E
Slovenia	220 V	50 Hz	C & F
Somalia	220 V*	50 Hz	C	*Berbera 230 V; Merca 110/220 V
South Africa	220/230 V*	50 Hz	M**	*Grahamstad & Port Elizabeth 250V; also found in King Williams ** Types C & G can also be found in some areas.
Spain	230 V	50 Hz	C & F	A correspondent reports that in Barcelona's Barrio Gothic, voltage is 120 V 60 Hz using Types C & F plugs. Step up transformers are required to use typical European devices.
Sri Lanka	230 V	50 Hz	D
Sudan	230 V	50 Hz	C & D
Suriname	127 V	60 Hz	C & F
Swaziland	230 V	50 Hz	M
Sweden	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Switzerland	230 V	50 Hz	J	Type C plugs are common on appliances, and will fit the Type J outlet.
Syria	220 V	50 Hz	C, E, & L
Tahiti	110/220 V	60 Hz	A, B, E	Information is based mainly on hotel experiences reported by travelers.
Tajikistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & I
Taiwan	110 V	60 Hz	A, B
Tanzania	230 V	50 Hz	D & G
Thailand	220 V	50 Hz	A & C*	*Some outlets are a combination of type A and C and can accept either type plug.
Togo	220 V*	50 Hz	C	*Lome 127 V
Tonga	240 V	50 Hz	I
Trinidad & Tobago	115V	60 Hz	A & B
Tunisia	230 V	50 Hz	C & E
Turkey	230 V	50 Hz	C & F
Turkmenistan	220 V	50 Hz	B & F
Uganda	240 V	50 Hz	G
Ukraine	220 V	50 Hz	C
United Arab Emirates	220 V*	50 Hz	G
United Kingdom	230 V*	50 Hz	G	*Outlets typically controlled by adjacent switch. Though nominal voltage has been officially changed to 230 V, 240 V is within tolerances and commonly found.
United States of America	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Uruguay	220 V	50 Hz	C, F, I* & L	Type F becoming more common as a result of computer use. *Neutral and line wires are reversed from that used in Australia and elsewhere. Click here for more.
Uzbekistan	220 V	50 Hz	C & I
Vanuatu	230 V	50 Hz	I	Some Type G may linger from British Colonial period, but are a rarity.
Venezuela	120 V	60 Hz	A & B
Vietnam	127/220 V*	50 Hz	A, C & G	*To be standardized at 220 V. Type G found in newer hotels, primarily those built by Singaporean and Hong Kong developers.
Virgin Islands (British and U.S.)	115V	60 Hz	A & B
Wales (See United Kingdom)
Yemen, Rep. of	220/230 V	50 Hz	A, D & G
Zambia	230 V	50 Hz	C, D & G
Zimbabwe	220 V	50 Hz	D & G

Primary sources: Electric Current Abroad (1998 edition), U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service; World Electricity Supplies and Electrical Plugs; an International Survey, (both 1993), British Standards Institute. Additionally, since this table was first posted in late 1995, numerous revisions have (and continue to be) made as a result of personal observations or reports from other travelers.

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